Sharp Recanalization of Chronic Central Venous Occlusions of the Thorax Using a Steerable Coaxial Needle Technique from a Supraclavicular Approach

Purpose To evaluate the technical success and safety of a steerable coaxial sharp recanalization technique that utilizes routine needles in patients with refractory thoracic central venous occlusions. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was performed on 36-attempted sharp recanalizations in 35 patients (mean age 50 years, 23 male) performed via a supraclavicular approach. In all cases, an 18-gauge trocar needle was custom curved to provide directional control during fluoroscopic triangulation. A 22-gauge Chiba needle was then advanced coaxially across the occlusion. A tractogram was performed to assess for traversal of unintended structures. Procedures were completed by catheter placement, angioplasty, or stenting follow successful recanalizations. Results Sharp recanalization using this steerable coaxial needle technique demonstrated a technical success rate of 94% (34/36). The mean occlusion length was 30 mm (range 3–53 mm). In 11 patients, success was achieved using this technique after failure of other advanced techniques. In five procedures, stent interstices were traversed. Sharp recanalization was the direct cause of one major complication consisting of pleural transgression causing mild hemothorax treated successfully with a stent graft. Conclusion The proposed technique is effective and safe for patients who have failed traditional blunt recanalization techniques. Level of Evidence Level 4, Case Series.