Patterns of Specialty Palliative Care Utilization Among Patients Receiving Palliative Radiation Therapy

Palliative radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used to ameliorate cancer-associated symptoms and improve quality of life. To examine how palliative care (PC) as a specialty is integrated at the time of RT consultation for patients with advanced cancer. We retrospectively reviewed 162 patients with metastatic cancer who received palliative RT at our institution (7/2017–2/2018). Fisher's exact test identified differences in incidence of receiving any specialty PC. Logistic regression analyses determined predictors of receiving PC. Of the 74 patients (46%) who received any specialty PC, 24 (32%) initiated PC within four weeks of RT consultation. The most common reasons for specialty PC initiation were pain (64%) and goals of care/end-of-life care management (23%). Referrals to specialty PC were made by inpatient care teams (48.6%), medical oncologists (48.6%), radiation oncologists (1.4%), and self-referring patients (1.4%). Patients with pain at RT consultation had a higher incidence of receiving specialty PC (58.7% vs. 37.4%, P = 0.0097). There was a trend toward decreased PC among patients presenting with neurological symptoms (34.8% vs. 50%, P = 0.084). On multivariable analysis, receiving specialty PC significantly differed by race (non-white vs. white, odds ratio [OR] = 6.295 [95% CI 1.951–20.313], P = 0.002), cancer type (lung vs. other histology, OR = 0.174 [95% CI 0.071–0.426], P = 0.0006), and RT consultation setting (inpatient vs. outpatient, OR = 3.453 [95% CI 1.427–8.361], P = 0.006). Fewer than half of patients receiving palliative RT utilized specialty PC. Initiatives are needed to increase PC, especially for patients with lung cancer and neurological symptoms, and to empower radiation oncologists to refer patients to specialty PC.