Prevalence and clinical associations with premature ovarian insufficiency, early menopause, and low ovarian reserve in systemic sclerosis

The low prevalence of pregnancy in women with systemic sclerosis (SSc) is due to multi-factorial causes, including premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The study aimed to determine the prevalence of POI, early menopausal status, and any clinical associations of these among Thai female SSc patients. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among female SSc patients between 18 and 45 years of age. The eligible patients underwent blood testing for follicle stimulating hormone and anti-mullerian hormone levels, gynecologic examination, and transvaginal ultrasound for antral follicle count. We excluded patients having surgical amenorrhea, previous radiation, and history of hormonal contraception