Maternal bonding, negative affect, and infant social-emotional development: A prospective cohort study

•We examined temporal and bidirectional associations of perinatal maternal bonding and negative affect across multiple waves prospectively in a large sample of mother-infant dyads.•Findings show that maternal bonding and negative affect are not synonymous constructs and have independent trajectories.•Higher postnatal maternal bonding directly predicted infant social-emotional development at infant age 12 months.•An indirect association of antenatal negative affect with infant social-emotional development was observed through postnatal bonding.•Independent assessment of maternal bonding and negative affect is warranted in screening and preventative interventions. Theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence suggest that maternal bonding and negative affect play a role in supporting infant social-emotional development (Branjerdporn et al., 2017; Kingston et al., 2012; O'Donnell et al., 2014; Van den Bergh et al., 2017). However, the complex pathways likely to exist between these constructs remain unclear, with limited research examining the temporal and potentially bi-directional associations between maternal bonding and negative affect across pregnancy and infancy. The interrelationships between maternal bonding, negative affect, and infant social-emotional development were examined using multi-wave perinatal data from an Australian cohort study (N = 1,579). Self-reported bonding and negative affect were assessed at each trimester, and 8 weeks and 12 months postpartum. The Bayley-III social-emotional scale was administered at age 12 months. Results revealed strong continuities in bonding and negative affect across pregnancy and postpartum. Small associations (β = -.10 to -.20) existed between maternal negative affect during pregnancy and poor early bonding. Higher postnatal maternal bonding predicted infant social-emotional development (β = .17). Limitations include a somewhat advantaged and predominantly Anglo-Saxon sample of families, and the use of self-report measures (though with strong psychometric properties). These limitations should be considered when interpreting the study findings. Maternal bonding and negative affect are interrelated yet unique constructs, with suggested developmental interplay between mother-to-infant bonding and infant social-affective development.