Autochthonous circulation of Saint Louis encephalitis and West Nile viruses in the Province of La Rioja, Argentina

St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV) and West Nile (WNV) arboviruses, which circulate in Argentina, are maintained in enzootic transmission cycles involving Culex mosquitoes (vectors) and birds belonging to orders Passeriformes and Columbiformes (amplifier hosts). The objective of this work was to determine the circulation of both viruses among wild birds in a semiarid ecosystem in the Province of La Rioja through a serologic survey. During spring 2013 and fall 2014, a total of 326 wild birds belonging to 41 species were captured in areas close to the cities of La Rioja and Chilecito, in the Province of La Rioja. While exposure to SLEV and WNV was analyzed in birds’ serum through neutralizing antibody detection, viral circulation was estimated through apparent seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies. The exposure of the avian community to viruses was 3.02% for SLEV and 1.89% for WNV, while 1.19% corresponded to coinfections. Our study confirms for the first time the circulation of SLEV and WNV in wild birds in the Province of La Rioja. Moreover, it is the first study to register neutralizing antibodies for flavivirus in the species Leptotila verreauxi (White-tipped Dove) (WNV) and Melanerpes cactorum (White-fronted Woodpecker) (SLEV). These results suggest that in semiarid ecosystems from northwestern Argentina the requirements and conditions for amplification and enzootic maintenance of SLEV and WNV would be present. Entre los arbovirus que circulan en la Argentina se encuentran el virus de la encefalitis de San Luis (St. Louis encephalitis virus [SLEV]) y el virus del Nilo Occidental (West Nile virus [WNV]), los cuales son mantenidos en ciclos enzoóticos de transmisión que involucran a mosquitos Culex (vectores) y a aves de los órdenes Paseriformes y Columbiformes (hospedadores amplificadores). El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la circulación de ambos virus en aves silvestres de un ecosistema semiárido de la provincia de La Rioja (Argentina) mediante una encuesta serológica. Durante la primavera de 2013 y el otoño de 2014 se capturaron un total de 326 aves silvestres pertenecientes a 41 especies en las proximidades de las ciudades de La Rioja y Chilecito, provincia de La Rioja. Se analizó la exposición a SLEV y WNV en los sueros recolectados de aves mediante la detección de anticuerpos neutralizantes (AcNT), mientras que la circulación viral fue estimada a través de la seroprevalencia aparente de AcNT. La exposición de la comunidad aviar a los virus