Prevalence and incidence of pre‐diabetes and diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV in Ghana: Evidence from the EVERLAST Study

Background Available data from high‐income countries suggest that people living with HIV (PLWH) have a four‐fold higher risk of diabetes compared with HIV‐negative people. In sub‐Saharan Africa, with 80% of the global burden of HIV, there is a relative paucity of data on the burden and determinants of prevalent and incident dysglycaemia. Objectives To assess the prevalence and incidence of pre‐diabetes (pre‐DM) and overt diabetes mellitus (DM) among PLWH in a Ghanaian tertiary medical centre. Methods We first performed a cross‐sectional comparative analytical study involving PLWH on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (n = 258), PLWH not on cART (n = 244) and HIV‐negative individuals (n = 242). Diabetes, pre‐DM and normoglycaemia were defined as haemoglobin A1C (HBA1c) > 6.5%, in the range 5.7–6.4% and