Fasting May Alter Blood Glucose Responses to High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Acute Crossover Study

In individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), changes in blood glucose (BG) during high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) are smaller than those observed during aerobic exercise. Study outcomes, however, have been variable, with some demonstrating significant BG decreases and others showing BG increases. This study compared BG outcomes between fasting (AME) and postprandial (PME) HIIE in T1D to test the hypothesis that AME would produce a BG increase, yet PME would cause BG to decline. Twelve (6 men and 6 women) physically active individuals with T1D performed two 45-minute exercise sessions (AME at 7:00 AM, PME at 5:00 PM) in random order, separated by at least 48 hours. Sessions consisted of a 10-minute warmup (50%VO2peak), followed by 10-second sprints every 2 minutes for 24 minutes, and then an 11-minute cooldown. Capillary glucose was measured pre- and postexercise, and then 60 minutes postexercise. Interstitial glucose was recorded for 24 hours postexercise using continuous glucose monitoring. AME caused capillary glucose to increase (from 7.6±1.4 to 9.2±2.9 mmol/L during exercise, and 9.9±2.8 mmol/L in recovery), whereas PME produced a decline in capillary glucose (from 9.9±3.1 to 9.5±3.4 mmol/L during exercise and 8.9±2.7 mmol/L during recovery; time × treatment interaction, p=0.014). PME was associated with a higher frequency of hyperglycemic events in the 6 hours and overnight (midnight to 6:00 AM) after exercise. Fasting HIIE results in a different BG trajectory than postprandial exercise in T1D, and may be beneficial for hypoglycemia avoidance during exercise. Les modifications de la glycémie chez les personnes atteintes du diabète de type 1 (DT1) durant l’entraînement par intervalles de haute intensité (EIHI) sont plus faibles que les modifications observées durant l’entraînement aérobie. Toutefois, les résultats de l’étude étaient variables; certains démontraient des diminutions significatives de la glycémie, et d’autres, des augmentations. La présente étude a permis de comparer les résultats de la glycémie entre l’EIHI à jeun (de l’anglais AME) et postprandial (de l’anglais PME) chez les personnes atteintes du DT1 pour vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’AME provoquerait une augmentation de la glycémie, mais que le PME entraînerait la baisse de la glycémie. Douze personnes (6 hommes et 6 femmes) physiquement actives atteintes du DT1 ont réalisé 2 séances d’entraînement de 45 minutes (AME à 7 h, PME à 17 h), dans un ordre aléatoire, séparées