Laparoscopic management of horseshoe kidney stones.

Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion anomaly. Its peculiar anatomical characteristics increase the risk of lithiasis formation and always entails a surgical challenge for its treatment. We present the cases of men with horseshoe kidneys diagnosed by CT one case of alarge pyelic lithiasis with others of a smaller size in the calyces, and the other of a big solitary lithiasis in renal pelvis. RESULTS: We performed a laparoscopic pyelolitectomy to remove the pyelic lithiasis and we used a flexible cystoscope through a trocar to extract the calyceal stones. The postoperative period was uneventful without evidence of urinary leakage or residual lithiasis. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic approach to lithiasisis a suitable alternative in especially complex cases such as horseshoe kidney. The use of a flexible cystoscope allows to navigate through the renal cavities and extract the lithiasis which cannot be accessed through laparoscopic instruments, improving the efficiency of this approach.