Novel Targets in Glucose Homeostasis and Obesity—Lesson from Rare Mutations

Purpose of Review Obesity and diabetes have already become the second largest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. During the last decade, remarkable advances have been made in understanding the human genome’s contribution to glucose homeostasis disorders and obesity. A few studies on rare mutations of candidate genes provide potential genetic targets for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. In this review, we discussed the detailed findings of these studies and the possible causalities between specific genetic variations and dysfunctions in energy or glucose homeostasis. We are optimistic that novel therapeutic strategies targeting these specific mutants for treating and preventing diabetes and obesity will be developed in the near future. Recent Findings Studies on rare genetic mutation-caused obesity or diabetes have identified potential genetic targets to decrease body weight or reduce the risk of diabetes. Summary Rare mutations observed in lipodystrophy, obese, or diabetic human patients are promising targets in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.