The effect of blood transfusion on sublingual microcirculation in critically ill patients: A scoping review

Purpose To investigate the effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on sublingual microcirculation in critically ill patients. Methods Systematic strategy was conducted to search studies that measured sublingual microcirculation before and after transfusion in critically ill patients. This review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses Scoping Review Extension. Results The literature search yielded 114 articles. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Observational evidence showed diffusive capacity of the microcirculation significantly improved in intraoperative and anemic hematologic patients after transfusion, while the convective parameters significantly improved in traumatic patients. RBC transfusion improved both diffusive and convective microcirculatory parameters in hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock patients. Most of the studies enrolled septic patients showed no microcirculatory improvements after transfusion. The positive effects of the leukoreduction were insufficiently supported. The effects of the storage time of the RBCs were not conclusive. The majority of the evidence supported a negative correlation between baseline proportion of perfused vessels (PPV) and changes in PPV. Conclusions This scoping review has catalogued evidence that RBC transfusion differently improves sublingual microcirculation in different populations. The existing evidence is not sufficient to conclude the effects of the leukoreduction and storage time of RBCs.