Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia on the Outcome in Term Neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Objective To assess the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on the outcome in term neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India. Term infants with moderate to severe HIE were randomized to be treated with normothermia or hypothermia. Mortality, neurological abnormality or normal outcome was recorded at hospital discharge or 28 days of age, whichever was earlier, and at 18 months of age. Results The baseline maternal and neonatal characteristics in the two groups were similar. The 78 infants in the hypothermia group had more normal survivors at discharge (38%) than the 84 infants in the normothermia group (30%), ratio 1.29 (95% confidence interval 0.84–1.99), and at 18 months of age (65% vs. 42%), ratio 1.54 (1.13–2.10). When these results were combined with those of a previous randomized trial in the same neonatal unit, there were significantly more normal survivors with hypothermia compared to normothermia at discharge, ratio 1.49 (1.18–1.88) and at 6–18 months of age, ratio 1.37 (1.17–1.60). Conclusion In term infants with HIE, therapeutic hypothermia reduced mortality and neurological abnormalities, and resulted in more normal survivors. LAY SUMMARY Babies who do not breathe immediately after they are born are likely to die or have brain damage. Previous studies have suggested that cooling these babies after birth might reduce the number who die or have brain damage. In this resource-limited setting, babies who were cooled were less likely to die or survive with brain damage.