Epigenetic memory: gene writer, eraser and homocysteine
Naturally chromatin remodeling is highly organized, consisting of histone acetylation (opening/relaxation of the compact chromatin structure), DNA methylation (inhibition of the gene expression activity) and sequence rearrangement by shifting. All this is essentially required for proper “in-printing...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Molecular and cellular biochemistry 2021-02, Vol.476 (2), p.507-512 |
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| description | Naturally chromatin remodeling is highly organized, consisting of histone acetylation (opening/relaxation of the compact chromatin structure), DNA methylation (inhibition of the gene expression activity) and sequence rearrangement by shifting. All this is essentially required for proper “in-printing and off-printing” of genes thus ensuring the epigenetic memory process. Any imbalance in ratios of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT, gene writer), fat-mass obesity-associated protein (FTO, gene eraser) and product (function) homocysteine (Hcy) could lead to numerous diseases. Interestingly, a similar process also happens in stem cells during embryogenesis and development. Despite gigantic unsuccessful efforts undertaken thus far toward the conversion of a stem cell into a functional cardiomyocyte, there has been hardly any study that shows successful conversion of a stem cell into a multinucleated cardiomyocyte. We have shown nuclear hypertrophy during heart failure, however; the mechanism(s) of epigenetic memory, regulation of genes during fertilization, embryogenesis, development and during adulthood remain far from understanding. In addition, there may be a connection of aging, loosing of the memory leading to death, and presumably to reincarnation. This review highlights some of these pertinent issues facing the discipline of biology as a whole today. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11010-020-03895-4 |
| format | Article |
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All this is essentially required for proper “in-printing and off-printing” of genes thus ensuring the epigenetic memory process. Any imbalance in ratios of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT, gene writer), fat-mass obesity-associated protein (FTO, gene eraser) and product (function) homocysteine (Hcy) could lead to numerous diseases. Interestingly, a similar process also happens in stem cells during embryogenesis and development. Despite gigantic unsuccessful efforts undertaken thus far toward the conversion of a stem cell into a functional cardiomyocyte, there has been hardly any study that shows successful conversion of a stem cell into a multinucleated cardiomyocyte. We have shown nuclear hypertrophy during heart failure, however; the mechanism(s) of epigenetic memory, regulation of genes during fertilization, embryogenesis, development and during adulthood remain far from understanding. In addition, there may be a connection of aging, loosing of the memory leading to death, and presumably to reincarnation. 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All this is essentially required for proper “in-printing and off-printing” of genes thus ensuring the epigenetic memory process. Any imbalance in ratios of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT, gene writer), fat-mass obesity-associated protein (FTO, gene eraser) and product (function) homocysteine (Hcy) could lead to numerous diseases. Interestingly, a similar process also happens in stem cells during embryogenesis and development. Despite gigantic unsuccessful efforts undertaken thus far toward the conversion of a stem cell into a functional cardiomyocyte, there has been hardly any study that shows successful conversion of a stem cell into a multinucleated cardiomyocyte. We have shown nuclear hypertrophy during heart failure, however; the mechanism(s) of epigenetic memory, regulation of genes during fertilization, embryogenesis, development and during adulthood remain far from understanding. In addition, there may be a connection of aging, loosing of the memory leading to death, and presumably to reincarnation. This review highlights some of these pertinent issues facing the discipline of biology as a whole today.</description><subject>Acetylation</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>Cardiomyocytes</subject><subject>Chromatin</subject><subject>Chromatin remodeling</subject><subject>Congestive heart failure</subject><subject>Conversion</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA methylation</subject><subject>DNA methyltransferase</subject><subject>DNA structure</subject><subject>Embryogenesis</subject><subject>Embryonic development</subject><subject>Embryonic growth stage</subject><subject>Epigenetic inheritance</subject><subject>Epigenetics</subject><subject>Fertilization</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene rearrangement</subject><subject>Gene regulation</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic research</subject><subject>Histones</subject><subject>Homocysteine</subject><subject>Hypertrophy</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Medical Biochemistry</subject><subject>Methylation</subject><subject>Methyltransferases</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Stem 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| subjects | Acetylation Aging Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Cardiology Cardiomyocytes Chromatin Chromatin remodeling Congestive heart failure Conversion Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA methylation DNA methyltransferase DNA structure Embryogenesis Embryonic development Embryonic growth stage Epigenetic inheritance Epigenetics Fertilization Gene expression Gene rearrangement Gene regulation Genes Genetic research Histones Homocysteine Hypertrophy Life Sciences Medical Biochemistry Methylation Methyltransferases Nucleotide sequence Obesity Oncology Stem cells |
| title | Epigenetic memory: gene writer, eraser and homocysteine |
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