Comparison of total midgut volvulus and segmental volvulus in neonates

Intestinal volvulus in a neonate, complete or segmental, is a true surgical emergency, which when the diagnosis is delayed can bring detrimental results. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of intestinal volvulus during the neonatal period by comparing total midgut volvulus (TMV) and segmental volvulus (SV). The medical records of 44 neonates who were operated on for intestinal volvulus from 1993 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into TMV and SV groups, and clinical features were compared. Operations were performed on 27 patients for TMV and 17 for SV. All cases of TMV were associated with intestinal malrotation, while those with SV were not. Gestational age, birth weight, and ratio of prematurity showed no differences between the groups. Preoperative diagnosis of TMV or SV was possible in 23 and 5 (85% and 29%) cases, respectively. Intestinal resection was required in 16/17 patients (94%) with SV, while it was required in 5/27 (19%) patients with TMV. When bowel resection was performed in TMV, all but one patient suffered from short bowel syndrome leading to two mortalities, while SV group showed good recovery. Diagnosis of SV before laparotomy can be difficult. Even though performing intestinal resection in SV neonates is highly likely, it shows a favorable outcome. TMV neonates are less likely to undergo intestinal resection; however, when bowel ischemia is present, significant morbidity can occur. Treatment study. Level IV.