Gut microbiota in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: Effects of randomized treatments

Summary Background Girls with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and women with PCOS have altered gut microbiota. Objective To study the gut microbiota composition of girls with PCOS without obesity (age, 15.8 years; body mass index [BMI] 25 kg/m2) and the effects of randomized treatments with an oral contraceptive (OC, N = 15) or with spironolactone‐pioglitazone‐metformin (SPIOMET, N = 15) for 1 year. Thirty‐one age‐matched girls served as controls. Methods 16S ribosomal subunit gene amplicon sequencing was performed in stool samples from all subjects; samples from 23 out of 30 girls with PCOS (OC, N = 12; SPIOMET, N = 11) were available for analysis post‐treatment. Clinical and endocrine‐metabolic variables were measured before and after intervention. Results Girls with PCOS had decreased diversity alpha, altered microbiota pattern and taxonomic profile with more abundance of Family XI (P = .002), and less abundance of family Prevotellaceae (P = .0006) the genus Prevotella (P = .0001) and Senegalimassilia (P