Incidence of immediate postextubation complications in critically Ill adult patients

•More than 70% of extubated patients developed at least one immediate postextubation complication, among which hypertension, desaturation and tachycardia were the most prevalent.•Patients failing extubation and requiring reintubation were more likely to have had a major post extubation complication.•Upper Airway obstruction and desaturation were the most prevalent major post extubation complications.•It is still unknown whether the identification and treatment of immediate postextubation complications have positive effects on patients' clinical course or whether the complications are a mere effect of the extubation procedure. Postextubation complication rates vary among studies. It is necessary to standardize a method to identify postextubation complications and determine their potential association with extubation failure and reintubation in critically ill adult patients. To describe immediate (up to 60 min) endotracheal postextubation complications in critically ill adult patients and determine whether these complications are associated with extubation failure. Secondary analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial that included 240 critically ill adult patients, who were eligible for extubation. Overall complications include at least one major complication (upper airway obstruction, desaturation, vomiting, post-obstructive pulmonary edema) and/or minor complications (bronchospasm, severe cough, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, poor respiratory mechanics). Incidence of overall, major and minor complications was 71.2%, 30.9% and 62.7%, respectively. Forty (16.9%) patients failed extubation, and thirty (12.7%) were reintubated. Of 168 patients who developed a postextubation complication, 137 (81.5%) were successfully extubated. Only major complications were significantly associated with reintubation after extubation failure (p