Fight to the bitter end: DNA repair and aging

•Aging influences DNA repair in a tissue-type specific manner.•The impairment in DNA repair is closely related to aging and aging-related diseases.•The age-related DNA damage accumulation and the onset of aging form a vicious cycle.•Enhanced DNA repair may be the common mechanism of several rejuvenation methods.•Multiple novel tools were created to study DNA repair in vitro &in vivo. DNA carries the genetic information that directs complex biological processes; thus, maintaining a stable genome is critical for individual growth and development and for human health. DNA repair is a fundamental and conserved mechanism responsible for mending damaged DNA and restoring genomic stability, while its deficiency is closely related to multiple human disorders. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the field of DNA repair and aging. Here, we will extensively discuss the relationship among DNA damage, DNA repair, aging and aging-associated diseases based on the latest research. In addition, the possible role of DNA repair in several potential rejuvenation strategies will be discussed. Finally, we will also review the emerging methods that may facilitate future research on DNA repair.