Insufficient sleep duration in association with self-reported pain and corresponding medicine use among adolescents: a cross-sectional population-based study in Latvia

Objectives Pain among adolescents is prevalent that may negatively affect adolescents’ general well-being of which sleep is an important domain. This study aims to explore the associations between weekly pain and medicine use for relevant pain and insufficient sleep duration among 11-, 13- and 15-year-old adolescents in Latvia by assessing the moderation effect of gender and age. Methods Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study on 2017/2018 of Latvia ( n = 4412; 49.6% boys) were used. Logistic regression was applied to analyse the odds of insufficient sleep (