Detection of toxin B of Clostridium difficile based on immunomagnetic separation and aptamer‐mediated colorimetric assay

Clostridium difficile can cause antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea or pseudo‐membranous colitis in humans and animals. Currently, the various methods such as microbiological culture, cytotoxic assay, ELISA and polymerase chain reaction have been used to detect Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). These conventional methods, however, require long detection time and professional staff. The paper is to describe a simple strategy which employs immunomagnetic separation and aptamer‐mediated colorimetric assay for the detection of toxin B of C. difficile (TcdB) in the stool samples. HRP‐labelled aptamer against TcdB selected by SELEX was firstly captured on the surface of magnetic beads (MB) by DNA hybridization with a complementary strand. In the presence of TcdB, aptamer specifically recognized and bound TcdB, disturbing the DNA hybridization and causing the release of HRP‐aptamer from MB. This reduced the catalytic capacity of HRP and consequently the absorption intensity. As there was a relationship between the decrease in the absorption intensity and target concentration, a quantitative analysis of TcdB can be accomplished by the measurement of the absorption intensity. Under the optimal conditions, the assay system is able to detect TcdB at a concentration down to 5 ng ml−1. Moreover the method had specificity of 97% and sensitivity of 66% and the system remained excellent stability within 4 weeks. The proposed method is a valuable screening procedure for CDI and can be extended readily to detection of other clinically important pathogens. Significance and Impact of the Study: The paper is to describe a simple strategy for the detection of toxin B of Clostridium difficile in the stool samples. The proposed method not only showed good selectivity and sensitivity, but also did not require the special equipment and expertise. Therefore, the proposed method might become a promising candidate procedure for C. difficile infection.