Association of vitamin D with the modulation of the disease severity in COVID-19

[Display omitted] •Insufficient levels of Vitamin D could be seen in COVID-19 patients.•Increase in the ACE could be seen in COVID-19 patients with higher quantities in the individuals who died from the COVID-19.•The Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is higher in COVID-19 than the control group.•Serum levels of vitamin D and ACE are associated with the progression and severity of the COVID-19. In late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 started to spread throughout the world causing the COVID-19 that has taken a considerable number of lives. Results obtained from several investigations have explained the virus origin, pathogenicity, and transmission. Similar to SARS coronavirus, the pulmonary angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 was introduced as the virus receptor for entering the cell. An increased body of epidemiological and clinical evidences has shown modulating effects of vitamin D in lung injuries through several mechanisms. Several clinical symptoms as well as molecular factors have shown to be related to the disease transmission and severity. In this study, vitamin D, ACE concentrations, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were measured in patients with confirmed COVID-19 in comparison with control group. Results demonstrated significant alterations in vitamin D and ACE levels as well as NLR in the patients’ group. Contribution of those factors with the prognosis and severity of the disease has been shown.