An examination of nurse‐authored patents: Implications for nursing practice

Background Recognition for medical inventions and innovations is largely associated with physician‐researchers, scientists, and engineers. The term “nurse” is largely absent from patents awarded in the United States. Yet, as front‐line healthcare providers, who better to add to the current population of inventors and innovators of new, meaningful scientific and engineering medical discoveries than specialized advanced practice nurses and their registered nurse colleagues? Although medical inventions and innovations are not entirely new activities for nurses, the authors speculate that greater opportunities exist for these healthcare professionals to lead in and be officially recognized for medical care discoveries and advancements by having their names on patents awarded. Also, we surmise that without the active and dedicated participation of nurses, important and significant discoveries may be missed. Aims The purpose of this paper is to address the importance of having nurses at all levels and specialties engaged in healthcare inventions and innovations. The foundation for this thesis begins by describing the findings from the first quantitative analysis of nurses' participation and/or recognition for the invention and innovation of medical devices and instruments, defined by having their names on awarded United States patents. In addition, we identify meaningful pathways for nurses to engage in this space. Methods Data to evaluate nurse participation and recognition for medical device and instrument inventions and innovations were collected through a publicly accessible website, the United States Patent and Trademark Office database, and analyzed with respect to whether the patent author(s) were nurses or nonnurses. Results More than 65 000 patents were identified with the terms “medical device” and “medical instrument.” From the 65 000+ patent‐population, 100 random patents were analyzed for the purposes of this first study and none were determined to have a nurse listed as a participating inventor or innovator. As a result of this analysis, the authors: (a) identify that nurses are largely unrecognized in the medical device invention and innovation space and (b) create models that explain nurses' engagement in this space from (i) historical and contemporary perspectives and (ii) for enhanced future involvement in healthcare patent activities. The future model is especially important as it provides a pathway for nurses to enhance their inventive and in