2-[18F]FDG PET/CT parameters associated with WHO/ISUP grade in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Purpose To explore the potential parameters from preoperative 2-[ 18 F]FDG PET/CT that might associate with the World Health Organization/the International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) grade in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods One hundred twenty-five patients with newly diagnosed ccRCC who underwent 2-[ 18 F]FDG PET/CT prior to surgery or biopsy were retrospectively reviewed. The metabolic parameters and imaging features obtained from 2-[ 18 F]FDG PET/CT examinations were analyzed in combination with clinical characteristics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictive factors of WHO/ISUP grade. Results Metabolic parameters of primary tumor maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), tumor-to-liver SUV ratio (TLR), and tumor-to-kidney SUV ratio (TKR) were significantly different between any two of the four different WHO/ISUP grades, except those between the WHO/ISUP grade 3 and grade 4. The optimal cutoff values to predict high WHO/ISUP grade for SUVmax, TLR, and TKR were 4.15, 1.63, and 1.59, respectively. TLR (AUC: 0.841) was superior to TKR (AUC: 0.810) in distinguishing high and low WHO/ISUP grades ( P = 0.0042). In univariate analysis, SUVmax, TLR, TKR, primary tumor size, tumor thrombus, distant metastases, and clinical symptoms could discriminate between the high and low WHO/ISUP grades ( P