Higher risk of urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients receiving pentamidine versus trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) for Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious complications among renal transplant patients. Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) is routinely used as first‐line prophylaxis against Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and other opportunistic infections including UTI. Aerosolized pentamidine is an alternate agent used for PCP prophylaxis; however, it does not provide coverage against uropathogens. This is a retrospective study of 81 renal transplant recipients who received TMP‐SMX or aerosolized pentamidine for PCP prophylaxis at our center over 1 year. Survival analysis demonstrated increased cumulative incidence of UTI among patients receiving pentamidine for PCP prophylaxis compared to those receiving TMP‐SMX (log‐rank test P