Global Left Atrial Longitudinal Strain Using 3-Beat Method Improves Risk Prediction of Stroke Over Conventional Echocardiography in Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a risk of ischemic stroke, and functional myocardial imaging has offered novel insights on its pathophysiology and prognosis, but its use in AF-related stroke remains limited. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of left atrial (LA) deformations and its prognostic values of ischemic stroke in a large-scale AF population. Peak atrial longitudinal strain (LA strain), left ventricular strain (global longitudinal strain), LA strain rate (LA SR) at reservoir (LA longitudinal systolic strain rate), and early diastolic conduit (LA longitudinal early diastolic strain rate) phases were analyzed using 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. Consecutive 3-beat averaged values of strain and SR were used. The clinical end point was ischemic stroke. Among 1457 AF participants, the mean LA strain, LA longitudinal systolic strain rate, and LA longitudinal early diastolic strain rate values were 12.9±4.8%, 0.80±0.28 s , and -1.17±0.46 s , respectively. There were strong positive linear relationships of 3-beat average with index-beat analysis (R=0.94, 0.94, and 0.94 for LA strain, LA longitudinal systolic strain rate, and LA longitudinal early diastolic strain rate, respectively; all