Functional Voice and Swallowing Outcome Analysis After Thyroid Lobectomy: Transoral Endoscopic Vestibular Versus Open Approach

Background The transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a scarless remote-access thyroidectomy technique. This study compared subjective and objective voice outcomes and swallowing outcomes of patients who underwent thyroid lobectomy using the TOETVA versus conventional open thyroidectomy (OT). Methods In addition to questionnaires, acoustic and aerodynamic analyses were performed to compare subjective and objective voice outcomes of the two groups. Swallowing outcome analyses were conducted using Swallowing Impairment Index-6 (SIS-6) scores. Assessments were performed preoperatively and 3 and 6 months after surgery. Propensity score matching was performed to compare the outcomes of the two groups. Results One hundred and two patients were included in this study (52 TOETVA and 50 OT). Excluding two patients who had vocal cord palsy and open conversion in the TOETVA group, 100 patients completed 3-month postoperative surveys. There were no significant differences between the groups in VAS, GRBAS, or VHI-10 scores at the preoperative and 3- and 6-month assessments. For both groups, there were no significant changes in acoustic or aerodynamic parameters during the 3–6-month postoperative period. The TOETVA group had lower SIS-6 scores at the postoperative 6-month assessment, but the SIS-6 scores after 12 months were similar between groups before and after propensity score matching. Conclusions Following TOETVA lobectomy, there were no significant changes in voice outcomes 3 and 6 months after surgery, and the outcomes were comparable with those of OT. The TOETVA group also had swallowing outcomes that were comparable with the OT group.