Decreased sleep quality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis

Objectives To obtain a reliable estimation on the sleep quality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and identify the main sleep problems, a meta-analysis was performed. Methods Up to March 21, 2020, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched; quality evaluation were conducted with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; statistical analyses were performed by stata14.0 software; results were expressed by weighted mean difference or standardized mean difference (WMD/SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Eighteen case-control studies were included in meta-analysis, 1086 SLE patients and 2866 controls were collected. The score of sleep quality in the case group was higher than that in the control group (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.80–1.27), and so was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (WMD = 3.45, 95% CI: 2.49–4.42). The first three complaints of sleep problems in PSQI were daytime dysfunction (WMD = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.36–0.92), subjective sleep quality (WMD = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40–0.84), and habitual sleep efficiency (WMD = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.37–0.72). Subgroup analyses showed that the score of sleep quality in SLE patients were higher than controls among different regions, races, and disease duration. The sleep quality score of SLE patients with fibromyalgia (FM) was higher than that in general control, but no significant difference as compared with SLE patients without FM. Conclusions Our meta-analysis indicates that the sleep quality of SLE patients is worse than that of the general population; thus, more attention should be paid to the sleep status among this disease. Key Points • The sleep quality of SLE patients is worse than that of the general population. • Region, race, and disease duration are correlated with sleep quality in SLE patients.