Comparison of fascicle behaviors between superficial and deeper muscles of triceps brachii during isometric contractions

We assessed fascicle behaviors of the upper extremities during isometric contractions at different joint angles in this study. Thirteen healthy men and women performed isometric elbow extension tasks at 50% and 75% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) at 60°, 90°, and 120° of elbow extension (full extension = 180°). Extended field-of-view B-mode ultrasonography was used to obtain sagittal plane panoramic images of the long head (TB-Long) and medial head (TB-Med) of the triceps brachii at rest and during contraction; fascicle length and pennation angle were measured. In the TB-Long, significant fascicle shortening from rest was found during 50% and 75%MVC at 60° and during 75%MVC at 90° of extension. There was no significant fascicle shortening in the TB-Med muscle under any conditions. There was no significant pennation angle change from rest in either muscle. The pennation angle of the TB-Long was significantly greater than that of the TB-Med under all conditions. These results suggest that fascicle shortening in the TB-Long muscle occurs in flexion; however, no change was found in the TB-Med. In the upper extremity muscle–tendon complex, the superficial and deeper muscles may have different force-transmission efficiency at flexed joint angles.