Copper carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles for efficient removal of tetracycline antibiotics in water

Copper carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and EDX techniques. Removal of tetracycline was obtained at 90% with optimized parameters of 500 μg/L concentration, 40 min contact time, 7.5 pH, 1.5 g/L dose, and 298 K temp. The adsorption followed Freundlich model very well in comparison to Langmuir. Tempkin model described good interactions between tetracycline and nanoparticles. Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm confirmed the chemical nature of adsorption. The adsorption was pseudo-second order with a liquid film diffusion kinetics mechanism. The adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous as suggested by thermodynamics results. The supramolecular mechanism was developed for the process. Interestingly, the process was suitable at 7.5 pH with low contact time. These features of the adsorption made this process applicable at natural water conditions, making the process eco-friendly and feasible. Therefore, it may be an excellent method for the removal of tetracycline in any water system.