Exosomes: Emerging biomarkers and targets in folliculogenesis and endometriosis

•Exosomes contain important contents such as proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, and Etc.•Exosomes have role during folliculogenesis and also in the endometrial uterus.•Abnormal function of exosomes may cause endometriosis and impaired folliculogenesis.•Endometrial Exosomes may have a vital role in healthy Pregnancy.•Exosome may have a therapeutic, prognostic and diagnostic role in infertility. An appropriate connection of the cells in the ovary follicles is vital for a healthy ovule maturation and fertilization, and also for endometrium preparation for implantation that can cause endometriosis. Cellular communication within the follicle and endometrial epithelium involve many signaling molecules. Recent studies indicate that cellular communication can be enclosed by secretion and absorption of small membrane carriers which are named extracellular vesicles including exosomes and microvesicles. Understanding and defining these EVs (Extracellular vesicles) population are important for future studies and clinical translation. Here, we describe the various important cargos which are carried by exosomes during folliculogenesis and endometriosis. Additionally, the current knowledge of exosomes and their cargo within the FF (Follicular fluid) during the folliculogenesis and also in the intrauterine cavity which are involved in endometriosis lesions have also been summarized. Considering the potential importance of this form of the cell to cell communication in the reproductive system, the vital issues under discussion lead to a new insight in this rapidly expanding field and it may be an interesting approach for diagnostic, prognostic and especially therapeutic strategies in the field of infertility and assisted reproductive technology (ART).