Detection and Determination of Fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 Contaminating Japanese Domestic Wine by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)

Nine domestic wine samples collected from a Japanese winery were examined for the presence of fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), fumonisin B 2 (FB 2 ), and fumonisin B 3 (FB 3 ), as well as ochratoxin A (OTA) and ochratoxin B (OTB). Wine samples spiked with 13 C-labeled internal standards ( 13 C 34 -FB 1 and 13 C 20 -OTA) were diluted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer, loaded on immunoaffinity cartridges to purify of fumonisins and ochratoxins, and subjected to liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. The data revealed that the domestic wine samples were possibly contaminated with FB 1 and FB 3 , in addition to FB 2 , whereas none of the tested wine samples were contaminated with OTA and OTB. These results suggest that Fusarium fungi can be associated with the fumonisin contamination of Japanese domestic wine, whereas Aspergillus niger seems to be frequently reported as the major causal fungus of fumonisin contamination of wine in Europe. Analysis of the intermediate samples during the wine brewing indicated that fumonisin concentrations did not increase during wine production, suggesting that fumonisin contamination did not occur during the brewing process, but was derived from the raw materials of grape berries.