Deep desulfurization of fuels using supported ionic liquid-polyoxometalate hybrid as catalyst: A comparison of different types of ionic liquids

[Display omitted] •Polyoxometalates modified by three different types of ionic liquids were prepared and supported on the surface of GO.•Efficient and ecofriendly catalytic oxidation combined extraction desulfurization•Organic sulfide including DBT, 4-MDBT and 4,6-DMDBT can be completely removed in the presence of P[Vim]POM/GO. In this work, polyoxometalates-based monomer ionic liquid, dimer ionic liquid and polyionic liquid were designed and prepared. Then supported catalysts were synthesized by loading polyoxometalate derivatives on the surface of graphene oxide (GO). The catalysts before and after loading were characterized via many tests such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and so on. The influences of ionic liquid type and carrier on desulfurization activity were carried out. The result shows that supported catalyst-based polyionic liquid (P[Vim]POM/GO) performed high activity and excellent recyclability in extraction-oxidation desulfurization (EODS) due to unique state of polyoxometalate and the support of graphene oxide. In addition, the possible mechanism of oxidation dibenzothiophene (DBT) with H2O2 was proposed according to the kinetic study and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC–MS) result.