The analgesic effect of tramadol combined with butorphanol on uterine cramping pain after repeat caesarean section: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study

Purpose This study aimed to explore the effect of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) using tramadol combined with butorphanol on uterine cramping pain in women undergoing repeat caesarean section. Methods A total of 126 patients, who were scheduled to undergo repeat caesarean section under spinal anesthesia, were included. PCIA using tramadol combined with butorphanol or sufentanil was randomly performed for postoperative pain control. Postoperative uterine cramping pain and wound pain within 48 h after surgery were evaluated. Postoperative analgesic consumption, early activity time, and length of hospital stay were also recorded and analyzed. Results Uterine cramping pain intensity in women undergoing repeat caesarean section was significantly higher compared with their wound pain ( P