Celiac disease screening in children and adolescents with type1 diabetes mellitus: What test should be performed?

Children and adolescents with type1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at high risk for the development of celiac disease (CD) because of the common genetic characteristics of both conditions. The study objectives were to investigate the frequency of the human leukocyte antigen system (HLA) for CD in pediatric T1DM patients and to determine whether HLA testing is suitable for CD screening in that population and is cost-effective as compared to serological screening for CD. A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted in 296 patients (148 girls; 148 boys) with T1DM aged