Radiolabeled liposomes and lipoproteins as lipidic nanoparticles for imaging and therapy

[Display omitted] •Radiolabeling the membrane of lipid nanoparticles is useful to know the in vivo distribution and accumulation sites.•Encapsulating the radionuclide within the inner core is useful to know the pharmacokinetics of the encapsulated molecule.•Radiolabeled lipidic nanoparticles transporting agents for imaging or therapy are potential theragnostics platforms.•A large field in therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, based on lipoproteins, is waiting to be explored.•Lipidic nanoparticles are expected to be effective in the treatment of disease and boost personalized medicine. Radiolabeled lipidic nanoparticles, particularly liposomes and lipoproteins, are of great interest as agents for imaging and therapy, due not only to their peculiar physicochemical and biological properties, but also to their great versatility and the ability to manipulate them to obtain the desired properties. This review provides an overview of radionuclide labeling strategies for preparing diagnostic and therapeutic nanoparticles based on liposomes and lipoproteins that have been developed to date, as well as the main quality control methods and in vivo applications.