Longitudinal changes in body composition are associated with all-cause mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with a number of adverse body compositional changes, including fat gain and muscle wasting. Whether body compositional changes are associated with the long-term prognosis is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of longitudinal changes in body composition on all-cause mortality in PD patients. PD patients were subjected to bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and handgrip strength (HGS) at baseline and after 2 years. Among 160 patients, 131 patients were tested with a repeat BIS and HGS. Lean tissue index (LTI) loss and fat tissue index (FTI) gain were defined as a 10% decline in LTI and a 10% gain in FTI, respectively after 2 years. The prevalence of sarcopenia at baseline was 13.8%. After 2 years, LTI loss and FTI gain were observed in 40 (30.5%) and 58 (44.3%) patients, respectively. Baseline clinical factors did not predict longitudinal body compositional changes, and there was a negative association between changes in the LTI and FTI (r = −0.574, p