Influence of body fat in patients with dental implant rehabilitation treated with adjunctive photodynamic therapy

•Proinflammatory cytokine expression in the crevicular fluid is generally high in obese subjects.•Bleeding scores remained high in patients with obesity compared to non-obese.•Obesity does not appear to influence peri-implant outcomes. Obesity appears to govern peri-implant hard and soft tissue health. We hypothesized that adjunctive photodynamic therapy (aPDT), improves clinical peri-implant perimeters and alleviates peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in obese with moderate peri-implantitis. The current clinic-laboratory study aimed to determine whether obesity influences the outcomes of aPDT in patients with moderate peri-implantitis. A total of 49 patients (24 obese and 25 non-obese) with moderate periodontitis receiving aPDT were included. Clinical characteristics including peri-implant probing depth (PIPD), peri-implant bleeding on probing (PIBOP), and peri-implant plaque index (PIPI) were measured. PICF levels of TNF-a, IL-6 and hsCRP were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both clinical and cytokine assessments were performed at baseline, three months and six months, respectively. Intra-group comparisons of changes in clinical parameters pre and post PDT was performed using Friedman test. Comparison of changes of TNF-a, IL-6 and hsCRP levels within group was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test. When compared with the baseline, a considerable reduction in PIPI, PIBOP and PIPD was observed in obese as well as non-obese patients at three- and six-months follow-up. At three months follow-up, a statistically significant difference was observed in PIPI (p < 0.05), PIBOP (p < 0.05) and PIPD (p < 0.05) among obese and non-obese individuals. Additionally, when compared with the baseline, a statistically significant difference was noticed in PICF volume (p < 0.05) and levels of TNF-α (p < 0.05) and IL-6 (p < 0.05) in non-obese as well as obese at three- and six-months follow-up. With the application of aPDT, considerable improvement was observed in peri-implant inflammatory parameters among obese and non-obese patients with moderate peri-implantitis. Obesity did not appear to influence aPDT outcome in patients with moderate peri-implantitis.