Seasonal distribution of attacks in aquaporin-4 antibody disease and myelin-oligodendrocyte antibody disease

Seasonal variation in incidence and exacerbations has been reported for neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). It is unknown whether seasonality also influences aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) disease and myelin-oligodendrocyte antibody (MOG-Ab) disease. We examined the seasonal distribution of attacks in AQP4-Ab disease and MOG-Ab disease. Observational study using data prospectively recorded from three cohorts in the United Kingdom. There was no clear seasonal variation in AQP4-Ab or MOG-Ab attacks for either the onset attack nor subsequent relapses. In both groups, the proportion of attacks manifesting with each of the main phenotypes (optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, ADEM/ADEM-like) appeared stable across the year. This study is the first to examine seasonal distribution of MOG-Ab attacks and the largest in AQP4-Ab disease so far. Lack of seasonal distribution in AQP4-Ab and MOG-Ab disease may argue against environment factors playing a role in the aetiopathogenesis of these conditions. •Seasonal variation has been reported for some neuroinflammatory conditions, like MS.•It is unknown whether seasonality also influences AQP4- and MOG-antibody disease.•In contrast to MS, we found no seasonal variation of attacks in these diseases.