Neutrophil function is impaired in paediatric patients with malignancy and may be a useful clinical marker

Purpose Patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy are at risk of neutropenia, neutropenic fever and neutropenic sepsis. We hypothesised that pre-existing neutrophil function dysfunction may increase susceptibility to neutropenic fever in paediatric patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Methods Prospective cohort study recruited patients at Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom. We measured neutrophil phagocytic function using a validated flow cytometric whole blood phagocytosis assay in paediatric patients ( n = 16) with oncological disease before and after chemotherapy in a prospective cohort study. We recruited healthy children as a control comparator ( n = 10). Results We found significantly decreased phagocytic function in oncology patients compared to healthy participants. In five patients who developed neutropenic fever, we observed increased pre-dose neutrophil respiratory burst. Conclusion With further validation, measurement of neutrophil function could potentially be used to personalise appropriate prophylactic antimicrobial administration for patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy.