Synthetic anti‐endotoxin peptides interfere with Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, their adhesion and biofilm formation on titanium

Aims Implant‐associated infections arise from the formation of bacterial biofilms, which are difficult to be treated with conventional antibiotics. Therefore, there is a need for new implant functionalizations, which inhibit biofilm formation. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effect of synthetic peptides to assess their applicability for this purpose. Methods and Results Two synthetic anti‐endotoxin peptides, Pep19‐2.5 and Pep19‐4LF (Aspidasept I and II) were tested against both Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus oralis) and Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) bacteria associated with implant infections. Their activity was evaluated against different states of biofilm formation on the implant material titanium using CFU, live/dead fluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. Both peptides inhibited planktonic bacteria growth, impacted initial bacterial adhesion, reduced biofilm volume and increased the proportion of dead cells. Additionally, cytotoxicity analyses showed that neither peptide harmed human gingival fibroblasts nor osteoblasts at lower concentrations. Conclusion A concentration‐dependent antibacterial activity of both peptides against biofilms of four clinically relevant bacteria could be demonstrated. Significance and Impact of the Study The results of this study serve as a promising basis for the improvement of these peptides in order to finally achieve a peptide‐equipped antibacterial implant surface.