Mitral Valve Surgery for Papillary Muscle Rupture: Outcomes in 1342 Patients From The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database

Prior reports of mitral valve surgery (MVS) for ischemic papillary muscle rupture (PMR) have been limited in patient numbers. This study evaluated national outcomes of MVS for PMR using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) National Database. The study cohort was composed of patients undergoing MVS for ischemic PMR between 2011 and 2018 in the STS registry. Concomitant procedures were included. The primary outcome was operative mortality. Secondary outcomes included STS major morbidities. Multivariable logistic regression was employed for risk adjustment using clinically important variables as well as those predictive in univariate analysis. A total of 1342 patients underwent MVS for PMR during the study period. Most of these were mitral valve replacements (79.8%; n = 1071) and were performed emergently (52.0%; n = 698). Concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 59.3% (n = 796). Mechanical circulatory assistance before MVS included intraaortic balloon pump (56.9%; n = 764), Impella pump (4.1%; n = 55), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (3.1%; n = 41). The STS predicted risk for mortality was 16.9% ± 15.4%. Operative mortality was 20.0%. Blood products were transfused in 70.7% (n = 949). Major morbidity rates included prolonged ventilation (61.8%; n = 829), acute renal failure (15.4%; n = 206), reoperation (10.2%; n = 137), and stroke (5.2%; n = 70). Multivariable predictors of operative mortality included mitral valve replacement, older age, lower albumin, cardiogenic shock, ejection fraction less than 25%, and emergent salvage status. These data provide a national overview of outcomes after MVS for PMR. Rates of mortality and morbidity are high, but most patients survive operative intervention in this high-risk and otherwise lethal condition.