In situ decompression vs conservative treatment for mild ulnar neuropathy at the elbow

Introduction The best treatment strategy for mild ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is not known, due to lack of trials comparing surgery vs conservative treatment. Methods We recruited patients with clinical symptoms and signs of mild UNE and an electrophysiologically or sonographically confirmed diagnosis. Patients were randomly allocated to either in situ decompression or conservative treatment. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with subjective symptom improvement at short‐term (3 months) and long‐term (6‐12 months) follow‐up. Results One hundred seventeen patients were included: 56 and 61 patients were allocated to surgery and conservative treatment, respectively. A larger proportion of surgically treated patients showed improvement at short‐term follow‐up (85% vs 50%; odds ratio, 5.6; P < .001), but no differences were observed at long‐term follow‐up. Discussion In situ decompression for mild UNE may result in faster relief of symptoms when compared with conservative treatment, but at long‐term follow‐up no differences were observed.