Waves due to a steadily moving source on a floating ice plate

The propagation of flexural waves in floating ice plates is governed by two restoring forces – elastic bending of the plate, and the tendency of gravity to make the upper surface of the supporting water horizontal. This paper studies steady wave patterns generated by a steadily moving source on a water–ice system that is assumed to be homogeneous and of infinite horizontal extent, using asymptotic Fourier analysis to give a simple description of the wave pattern far from the source. Short-wavelength elastic waves propagate ahead, while the long gravity waves appear behind; and, depending on the system parameters, one, two or no caustics may appear. Wavecrest patterns are shown, and the amplitude variation with direction from the source is given. Where the two caustics just merge together, a special mathematical function analogous to the Airy function is introduced to describe wave amplitudes. These waves can be detected by a strainmeter embedded in the ice, and we compare its theoretical response with some experimental measurements.