Part 1: Outcome of Posterior Pelvic Ring Injuries and Associated Prognostic Factors – A Five-Year Retrospective Study of One Hundred and Sixty Five Operated Cases with Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Fixation

Purposes The aim of this study was to evaluate: 1. the outcome of pelvic ring fractures treated by closed reduction and percutaneous fixation, 2. the prognostic factors associated with a poor quality reduction, 3. the prognostic factors associated with ilio-sacral screws misplacement and 4. the prognostic factors associated with nonunion. Methods Data from medical charts for all patients admitted with unstable posterior pelvic ring injuries from 2009 to 2013 were extracted. A total of 165 patients with a mean age of 40 years were included. One hundred and five patients were reviewed at a mean of 32 months of follow-up. The prognostic factors analyzed were clinical and radiological factors. Tile B and Tile C pelvic ring fractures were compared and analyzed separately. Then specific statistical analysis was performed using a logistic regression model to eliminate confusion factors. Results An excellent or good clinical result was achieved for 94 patients (90%). An excellent or good reduction was achieved for 141 patients (85%). Nonunion rate, smoking patients, bad reductions, age of patients and ISS score were significantly higher in Tile C group. To eliminate confusion factors we used a multivariate analysis logistic regression model. Only unstable vertical bilateral posterior injuries (Tile C2 and C3) were independent prognostic factors for unsatisfactory reduction ( p = 0.001; OR = 4.72; CI 95% [2.08–16.72]). Screw misplacement was recorded for 30 patients (16%) and sacral dysmorphia was an associated prognostic factor ( p = 0.0001; OR = 15.6; CI95% [3.41–98.11]). Nonunion was recorded for ten patients (6%) and smoking was an associated prognostic factor ( p = 0.01, OR = 5.12; CI95% [1.1–24.1]). Conclusions Posterior pelvic ring fractures treated by closed reduction and percutaneous fixation are associated with excellent/good clinical results if excellent/good reduction and bone healing are achieved without screw misplacement. Bilateral unstable vertical posterior pelvic ring injuries, and sacral dysmorphia are risk factors for bad quality reduction and screw misplacement respectively.