Measuring the ‘dose’ of person‐centred care in aged care: Development of staff and family questionnaires

Aims To develop a theoretically and psychometrically sound instrument to measure the ‘dose’ of person‐centred care practice in long‐term care. Background Although person‐centred care has been adopted for long‐term care across the world, there is a lack of theory‐based instruments to measure its impact. Two questionnaires were developed to measure person‐centred care from the perspectives of staff and family based on current person‐centred care frameworks: Kitwood, Nolan, and Eden Alternative. Methods Phase I: literature review and focus groups identified potential items for the questionnaires. Phase II: academic experts, local staff, and family members of residents assessed content validity. Phase III: psychometric testing. Results A 34‐item staff questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.942) with two factors “Making person‐centredness real” and “Making the environment meaningful for life and work”. A 30‐item family questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.947), with three factors “Staff care about what is meaningful to my family member”, “Staff know and respect my family member”, and “We are all part of a family”. The factors did not directly reflect the theoretical constructs from Kitwood's and Nolan's work. Conclusion Two instruments, capturing the ‘dose’ or active practice of delivering person‐centred care, have demonstrated sound psychometric properties. The study contributes to understanding the theoretical components of person‐centred care. Impact The study addressed the lack of robust tools to measure how much person‐centred care is taking place in aged care facilities. Staff and family questionnaires were produced based on strong theoretical foundations combining concepts of prominent person‐centred theories and rigorous psychometric testing. The instruments can be used to determine if person‐centred care makes a difference, to compare if person‐centred care changes or develops over time or between facilities. Ultimately residents, families, and staff will benefit from the ability to measure how much person‐centred care residents receive. 目的 开发一款具备健全心理测量功能的理论工具,以衡量以人为本的长期护理的实践“量”。 背景信息 虽然全球的长期护理采取以人为本的护理方法,但缺乏基于理论的工具来衡量其影响。根据当前以人为本的护理框架,编制了两份问卷,从工作人员和家庭两个角度衡量以人为本的护理:Kitwood、Nolan和Eden(替补)。 方法 第一阶段:文献回顾和焦点小组确定问卷的潜在内容项。第二阶段:学术专家、当地工作人员、居民家属对内容效度进行评估。第三阶段:心理测试。 结果 一份34项的工作人员问卷(克隆巴赫系数=0.942),包含两个因素:“实现以人为本”和“让环境具有生活和工作的意义”。一份30项的家庭问卷(克隆巴赫系数=0.947),包含三个因素:“工作人员的关心对我的家人具有意义”、“工作人员了解并尊重我的家人”和“我们都是家庭的一份子”。这些因素并没有直接反映Kitwood和Nolan工作的理论建构。 结论 用于确定“量”或提供以人为本的护理的积极实践的两