Indwelling medical device use and sepsis risk at a health professional shortage area hospital: Possible interaction with length of hospitalization

•Indwelling device use was associated with increased risk of sepsis diagnosis.•Sepsis risk was higher among patients with extended hospital stays (≥ 5 days).•Urinary catheter was the most common medical device used in the study population.•Renal and coronary heart disease independently increased sepsis risk. We aimed to identify risk factors for sepsis diagnosis and possible interaction with length of hospital stay (LOS) among inpatients at a rural Health Professional Shortage Area hospital. This case-control study examined 600 adult patients (300 cases and 300 controls) admitted to a rural health system in North Carolina between 2012 and 2018. Case selection was based on assignment of ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes for sepsis. Controls were patients with a medical diagnosis other than sepsis during the observational period. Logistic regression was used to model sepsis diagnosis as a function of indwelling medical device use and stratified by LOS. Indwelling medical device use preadmission and postadmission were significantly associated with increased risk of sepsis diagnosis among patients with extended hospital stays (LOS ≥ 5 days) (odds ratio [OR] = 5.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.95-15.62; P = .001 and OR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.24-8.68; P = .017, respectively). Among patients with LOS