Ratiometric near-infrared fluorescence nanothermometry in the OTN-NIR (NIR II/III) biological window based on rare-earth doped beta -NaYF4 nanoparticles
A novel nanothermometer based on over-1000 nm (OTN) near-infrared (NIR) emission of rare-earth doped ceramic nanophosphors (RED-CNPs) was developed for temperature measurement in deep tissue. Hexagonal-phase beta -NaYF4 nanoparticles co-doped with Yb3+, Ho3+, and Er3+ (NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+,Er3+ NPs) were...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for biology and medicine Materials for biology and medicine, 2017-03, Vol.5 (10), p.1917-1925 |
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Zusammenfassung: | A novel nanothermometer based on over-1000 nm (OTN) near-infrared (NIR) emission of rare-earth doped ceramic nanophosphors (RED-CNPs) was developed for temperature measurement in deep tissue. Hexagonal-phase beta -NaYF4 nanoparticles co-doped with Yb3+, Ho3+, and Er3+ (NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+,Er3+ NPs) were synthesized and used as a nanothermometer. The NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+,Er3+ NPs displayed two OTN-NIR emission peaks in the second (NIR-II) (at 1150 nm of Ho3+) and third (NIR-III) (at 1550 nm of Er3+) biological window regions under NIR (980 nm) excitation in the first (NIR-I) biological window region. Oleic acid (OA) capped NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+,Er3+ NPs were dispersed in non-polar media, i.e., cyclohexane, and showed a temperature-dependent intensity ratio of the emission peaks of Ho3+ and Er3+ (IHo/IEr). The temperature-dependent IHo/IEr of the OA-NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+,Er3+ NPs was also evident through imitation tissue. The surfaces of the NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+,Er3+ NPs were modified with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based block copolymer. The PEGylated NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+,Er3+ NPs were dispersed in water and emitted strong NIR-II and III emissions under NIR-I excitation. The PEGylated NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+,Er3+ NPs were injected into mice via the tail vein, and the OTN-NIR emissions of the PEGylated NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+,Er3+ NPs from the mouse blood vessels were clearly observed using an OTN-NIR fluorescence in vivo imaging system. In a polar media, water, the IHo/IEr of PEGylated NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+,Er3+ NPs was inversely related to the temperature. In both non-polar and polar media, the IHo/IEr values of the NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+,Er3+ NPs were almost linearly dependent on the temperature. The obtained NaYF4:Yb3+,Ho3+,Er3+ NPs are promising as a novel fluorescent nanothermometer for deep tissue. |
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ISSN: | 2050-750X 2050-7518 |
DOI: | 10.1039/c7tb00070g |