Patient education interventions for prescription opioids: A systematic review

The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the impact of prescription opioid-related education provided to a patient by a health care provider on patient outcomes. The databases searched were PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCO), Academic Search Premier (EBSCO), Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition (EBSCO), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (OVID). Studies were included if they were in English, peer-reviewed, and published between 1996 and October 22, 2018. Patient educational approaches initiated by health care providers for opioid medications in adults older than 18 years of age were evaluated. Studies were excluded if the full articles were unavailable or duplicates, or if they involved studies that did not explore provider-initiated patient educational interventions targeting opioid medications. Studies taking place outside the United States were excluded, as well. Titles and abstracts of 4863 manuscripts were screened for inclusion in this review. Of these, 4794 were removed because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The full texts of the remaining 69 documents were evaluated for inclusion. Ten articles were identified for inclusion in this review. Studies explored the impact of prescription opioid-related education on mortality, adherence, self-efficacy, self-care, quality of life, or knowledge. A variety of educational methods were used, including face-to-face follow-up, multimedia tools, predischarge counseling, and written information complementing verbal information. The interventions yielded inconsistent results, with improvements in patient outcomes seen in some studies, but not all. There are several well-documented interventions identifying methods to manage opioid-use disorder, but less about providing education to patients before they receive opioid prescriptions. Future research should explore the type of education and information being shared with patients, as this could inform pharmacists on how they should educate their patients.