Transanal Versus Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision: A Comparative Prospective Clinical Trial from Two Centers

Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LapTME) faced many obstacles in obese male with narrow pelvis and bulky mesorectum with increased risk of incomplete mesorectal excision and positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) and distal resection margin (DRM). Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) is reported to result in a better quality total mesorectal excision (TME) specimen, lower incidence of CRM and DRM involvement, and higher rates of sphincter preservation. To date, there is still a debate about the feasibility and efficacy of transanal versus the laparoscopic approach for TME in middle and low rectal cancer. This is a prospective controlled clinical trial where 38 patients of middle or low rectal cancer from two tertiary centers were nonrandomly assigned to either TaTME or LapTME. Eighteen patients were operated by TaTME versus 20 patients by LapTME. Mean body mass index was significantly higher in the TaTME group (30.74 ± 7.79) than in the LapTME group (25.99 ± 4.68) ( = .03). TaTME was associated with more transanal specimen extraction (55.5% versus 20%, = .06). No significant differences were detected in CRM, DRM, peri- or postoperative complications, or conversion rates with more reported Clavien-Dindo grade III complications in the TaTME group ( = .29). TaTME facilitated rectal cancer surgery in obese patients and increased the chance of transanal specimen extraction with equivalent oncological outcomes to conventional LapTME. Further studies are recommended to build better evidence.