The spatial distribution of polluted groundwater from rural centres in a recharge area in the Netherlands — The Veluwe

A topographically elevated area of ice-pushed ridges was selected for a study on groundwater chemical composition in relation to the potential pollution sources. A groundwater sampling technique using small ceramic cups was adapted for this study. This technique allows detailed sampling in depth for each borehole, even in areas with deep groundwater levels. Results of the chemical analyses show great variations in vertical distribution of the ion-concentrations in groundwater. These variations reflect the differences in land use and are also shown to be a function of the groundwater flow patterns.