Extinction rate of discovered and undiscovered plants in Singapore
Extinction is a key issue in the assessment of global biodiversity. However, many extinction rate measures do not account for species that went extinct before they could be discovered. The highly developed island city–state of Singapore has one of the best‐documented tropical floras in the world. Th...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Conservation biology 2020-10, Vol.34 (5), p.1229-1240 |
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Zusammenfassung: | Extinction is a key issue in the assessment of global biodiversity. However, many extinction rate measures do not account for species that went extinct before they could be discovered. The highly developed island city–state of Singapore has one of the best‐documented tropical floras in the world. This allowed us to estimate the total rate of floristic extinctions in Singapore since 1822 after accounting for sampling effort and crypto extinctions by collating herbaria records. Our database comprised 34,224 specimens from 2076 native species, of which 464 species (22%) were considered nationally extinct. We assumed that undiscovered species had the same annual per‐species extinction rates as discovered species and that no undiscovered species remained extant. With classical and Bayesian algorithms, we estimated that 304 (95% confidence interval, 213–414) and 412 (95% credible interval, 313–534) additional species went extinct before they could be discovered, respectively; corresponding total extinction rate estimates were 32% and 35% (range 30–38%). We detected violations of our 2 assumptions that could cause our extinction estimates, particularly the absolute numbers, to be biased downward. Thus, our estimates should be treated as lower bounds. Our results illustrate the possible magnitudes of plant extirpations that can be expected in the tropics as development continues.
Tasa de Extinción de Plantas Descubiertas y No Descubiertas en Singapur
Resumen
La extinción es un tema importante para la valoración de la biodiversidad global. Sin embargo, muchas medidas de la tasa de extinción no consideran a las especies que se extinguieron antes de que pudieran ser descubiertas. Singapur, la ciudad‐estado isleña altamente desarrollada, tiene una de las floras mejor documentadas del mundo. Esto nos permitió estimar la tasa total de las extinciones florísticas en Singapur desde 1822 después de considerar el esfuerzo de muestreo y las criptoextinciones cuando recopilamos los registros de herbarios. Nuestra base de datos incluyó 34,224 especímenes de unas 2,076 especies nativas, de las cuales 464 especies (22%) estaban consideradas como extintas a nivel nacional. Asumimos que las especies no descubiertas tuvieron la misma tasa anual de extinción por especie que las especies descubiertas y que ninguna especie no descubierta permanecía en existencia. Con algoritmos clásicos y bayesianos, respectivamente, estimamos que 304 (95% IC 213–414) y 412 (95% IC 313–534) especies a |
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ISSN: | 0888-8892 1523-1739 |
DOI: | 10.1111/cobi.13499 |