The biophysical effects of localized electrochemical therapy on porcine skin

•Electrochemical therapy (ECT) in skin produced localized in situ acid and base at the anode and cathode, respectively.•Following ECT, the anode sites showed significant loss of collagen second harmonic generation (SHG) signal.•The cathode sites showed disorganized collagen structure, with fewer fibrils emitting an attainable SHG signal.•Electrochemical therapy induced collagen denaturation at both anode and cathode sites. Minimally-invasive methods to treat scars address a common pathway of altering collagen structure, leading to collagen remodeling. In this study, we employed in situ redox chemistry to create focal pH gradients in skin, altering dermal collagen, in a process we refer to as electrochemical therapy (ECT). The effects of ECT to induce biochemical and structural changes in ex vivo porcine skin were examined. During ECT, two platinum electrodes were inserted into fresh porcine skin, and following saline injection, an electrical potential was applied. pH mapping, high frequency ultrasonography, and two photon excitation microscopy and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy were used to evaluate treatment effects. Findings were correlated with histology. Following ECT, pH mapping depicted acid and base production at anode and cathode sites respectively, with increasing voltage and application time. Gas formation during ECT was observed with ultrasonography. Anode sites showed significant loss of SHG signal, while cathode sites showed disorganized collagen structure with fewer fibrils emitting an attainable signal. Histologically, collagen denaturation at both sites was confirmed. We demonstrated the production of in situ acid and base in skin occurring via ECT. The effects chemically and precisely alter collagen structure through denaturation, giving insight on the potential of ECT as a simple, low-cost, and minimally-invasive means to remodel skin and treat scars.